Testicular problems

Having three balls would be a very worrying testicular problem.

Definition

Problems with the testicles (referred to as "balls" herein).

Epidemiology

Generally quite common, but rather rare in women.

Pathophysiology

Two main types of problem:

• Pain - hurting balls.
• Swelling - massive balls.

Clinical and Associated Features

Medical Emergency - Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency!

Sometimes the testicular pain can present as generalised abdominal pain, or even just as indigestion.

Differential Diagnosis

Tortion of the testis Trauma to testis Epididymo-orchitis (bacterial, viral) Referred pain from renal colic Inguinal hernias Hydrocoele Epididymo-orchitis (bacterial, viral) Incompletely descended testis Tesicular trauma (e.g. haematoma) Varicoele Epididymal cyst Testicular tumours Incomplete descent of testis Torsion of testis