Cervical cancer: Difference between revisions
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===Definition=== | ===Definition=== | ||
'''CIN''' (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) is the premalignant condition which can lead to '''cervical carcinoma'''. | |||
===Epidemiology=== | ===Epidemiology=== | ||
Incidence of cervical cancer is about 8.8/100 000 and mortality is 2.8/100 000. | Incidence of cervical cancer is about 8.8/100 000 and mortality is 2.8/100 000. However, worldwide it is the fifth most common cancer. | ||
===Pathophysiology=== | ===Pathophysiology=== | ||
The cause is the sexually transmitted '''human papilloma virus''' ('''HPV'''). There are fifteen different types which increase the risk of cervical cancer, the increase in risk varying depending on which type is present. | The cause is the sexually transmitted '''human papilloma virus''' ('''HPV'''). There are fifteen different types which increase the risk of cervical cancer, the increase in risk varying depending on which type is present. | ||
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HPV is sexually transmitted and so cervical cancer '''almost solely occurs in the sexually active'''. | HPV is sexually transmitted and so cervical cancer '''almost solely occurs in the sexually active'''. | ||
===Clinical Features=== | ===Clinical Features=== | ||
With the advent of screening, it is rare to see cervical cancer clinically. The main symptom is vaginal bleeding but is often asymptomatic in the early stages. | |||
===Investigations=== | ===Investigations=== | ||
'''Screening''' in the UK happens for sexually active women '''over 25''' and '''3 yearly''' in the form of a '''Pap''' (Papanicolaou - the bloke who invented it) '''smear'''. This involves, via a speculum exam, getting cervical cells with a brush. | |||
===Management=== | ===Management=== | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
Revision as of 16:20, 15 October 2008
Definition
CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) is the premalignant condition which can lead to cervical carcinoma.
Epidemiology
Incidence of cervical cancer is about 8.8/100 000 and mortality is 2.8/100 000. However, worldwide it is the fifth most common cancer.
Pathophysiology
The cause is the sexually transmitted human papilloma virus (HPV). There are fifteen different types which increase the risk of cervical cancer, the increase in risk varying depending on which type is present.
Risk Factors
HPV is sexually transmitted and so cervical cancer almost solely occurs in the sexually active.
Clinical Features
With the advent of screening, it is rare to see cervical cancer clinically. The main symptom is vaginal bleeding but is often asymptomatic in the early stages.
Investigations
Screening in the UK happens for sexually active women over 25 and 3 yearly in the form of a Pap (Papanicolaou - the bloke who invented it) smear. This involves, via a speculum exam, getting cervical cells with a brush.