Hyponatraemia: Difference between revisions
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Kingrajinix (talk | contribs) (New page: right|thumb|300px ===Definition=== Serum sodium<135mmol/L (<120mmol/L is severe). ===Epidemiology=== image:common.jpgIt is the most common electrolyte abnorma...) |
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*Oedmatous - [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[heart failure]], [[cirrhosis]], [[renal failure]] | *Oedmatous - [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[heart failure]], [[cirrhosis]], [[renal failure]] | ||
*Normovolaemic - [[SIADH]], water overload, severe [[hypothyroidism]], glucocorticoid deficiency | *Normovolaemic - [[SIADH]], water overload, severe [[hypothyroidism]], glucocorticoid deficiency | ||
===Clinical Features=== | ===Clinical Features=== | ||
*Neuro - [[headache]], [[decreased level of consciouness]], [[cognitive impairment]], [[seizure]], | |||
===Investigations=== | ===Investigations=== | ||
===Management=== | ===Management=== | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
Revision as of 13:54, 21 December 2009
Definition
Serum sodium<135mmol/L (<120mmol/L is severe).
Epidemiology
It is the most common electrolyte abnormality. 4.4% of postoperative patient have it. Almost 100% will have had an operation.
Pathophysiology
Broadly speaking there are four groups that the causes of hyponatraemia fall into.
Hypovolaemic
- Kidney problems - Addison's, renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, diuretics and others
- Non-renal - diarrhoea and/or vomiting, burns, pancreatitis, trauma, fistula, small bowel obstruction, endurace sport event, heat exposure
Not hypovolaemic
- Oedmatous - nephrotic syndrome, heart failure, cirrhosis, renal failure
- Normovolaemic - SIADH, water overload, severe hypothyroidism, glucocorticoid deficiency