Thyroid emergencies: Difference between revisions
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===Clinical Features=== | ===Clinical Features=== | ||
Same as for [[hypothyroidism#Clinical Features|hypothyroidism]]. However, there are two key extra ones which are probably obvious: | Same as for [[hypothyroidism#Clinical Features|hypothyroidism]]. However, there are two key extra ones which are probably obvious: | ||
#'''[[Coma]]''' | |||
#'''[[Oedema]]''' in the hands, face and feet. | |||
*Protruding tongue (macroglossia), ptosis (droopy eyelid). | *Protruding tongue (macroglossia), ptosis (droopy eyelid). | ||
Myxoedema coma is '''rare''' - this of [[coma|other causes of coma]] first. | Myxoedema coma is '''rare''' - this of [[coma|other causes of coma]] first. |
Revision as of 16:37, 11 December 2009
Thyroid Storm
Myxoedema Coma
Definition
Failure of the body's adaptation to a lack of thyroxine resulting in a coma.
Epidemiology
It doesn't happen very often happen, especially as most people who have hypothyroidism are monitored really well. However, it has a mortality of 50%.
Pathophysiology
In long-standing hypothyroidism, the body has to make adaptations (i.e. it gets used to) in light of the low levels of thyroxine. However, eventually, it basically gives in and goes into coma. Which is bad. This coma is called a myoedema coma because
Risk Factors
Long-standing hypothyroidism is the most important. Here are a bunch of precipitants:
- Hypothermia
- Infections - influenza, pneumonia, UTI
- Medication - amiodarone, anaesthesia, beta blockers, diuretics, CNS drugs, lithium, phenytoin, rimfampicin
They're the main ones. Here are some others:
- GI haemorrhage
- hypoglycaemia
- CVA
- Trauma - surgery, burns, accidents
- Respiratory depression
- CO2 retention
Clinical Features
Same as for hypothyroidism. However, there are two key extra ones which are probably obvious:
- Protruding tongue (macroglossia), ptosis (droopy eyelid).
Myxoedema coma is rare - this of other causes of coma first.
Investigations
- TFTs - TSH is always raised. T3 & T4 are always reduced.
- U+Es, blood sugar, FBC
- Oxygen saturation, Blood gases, Blood culture and Lipid profile
- ECG
- CXR
- Serum cortisol - (for hypopituitarism)
Management
- General measures - ABC, admission to [[intensive care] and general supportive stuff.
- Then - T4 100-500mcg iv, antibiotics and corticosteroids.
Prognosis
50% mortality. So, quite bad.